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Tuesday, 13 January 2015

Levi Quackenboss: There is no 'Anti-Vaccination Movement'


It's been 5 years since the mainstream media began writing about the "dangerous and misinformed anti-vaccination movement." Who are the kooks in this crazy unhinged movement? Surely they are hanging out in labor and delivery rooms, throwing mercury on expectant mothers, making threats against anyone who vaccinates their newborn for a sexually transmitted disease. Certainly they are sneaking into Boy Scout meetings by posing as den mothers and brainwashing neighborhood parents into hosting chickenpox parties. They organize violent protests, vandalize the homes of known pediatricians, and detox children at slumber parties without parental consent.

Take a look around you - undoubtedly someone from this "anti-vaccination movement" has infiltrated your very own social circle. Thank goodness for the media, otherwise you would never have known.


Except, there is no such thing as the "anti-vaccination movement." A "movement" is a growing organization of people, all pushing toward a common goal. People who exempt their children from vaccination don't have a "common goal." There is no target percentage of "anti-vaccination" they conspire to achieve. There is no agenda to push down anyone's throat. There is no point in time at which they hope to declare victory. The only thing that exemptors have in common is this: they don't care what you do with your kid. They only care about their own.


The "pro-vaccination movement" is funded - in cash, in product donations, and in intellectual manpower - by people who have gotten rich from the manufacture and sale of vaccines. Sure, they have uncompensated foot soldiers of uncertain mental stability, but the driving force is from a higher level. The goal of the "pro-vaccination movement" is to have 100% compliance with the vaccine program. Exemptors? Exemptors don't care if anyone complies.


The "pro-vaccination movement" teams up with local health departments to get state legislators to sponsor laws that take away parental rights. Exemptors? They don't care how anyone else parents their children; just don't tell them how to parent their own.


The "pro-vaccination movement" goes to their contacts in the pharmaceutical-owned media to call names and paint portraits of ignorance and mis-education of the parents who exercise their right of exemption. Exemptors? Most of them don't have any friends in the media and if they do, they sure aren't slinging mud. Why? Because they don't care what other people are doing with regard to vaccines.


See the pattern here? One group is trying to force the other group to bend to its will, but the roles aren't what the media tells you they are. There is no such thing as an "anti-vaccination movement."


The common thread in all of these scenarios is this: the exemptors aren't making anyone else do anything - they are minding their own business and worrying about their own. Do they talk? Sure. Do they answer questions? Absolutely. Do they call your home and threaten you - claiming to know where your children go to school - if you write a pro-vaccination piece on your little mommy blog?


No. No one reads your little mommy blog and exemptors certainly aren't threatened by what you write on it.


Exemptors aren't convinced that vaccines are safe enough to be administered to all children across the board and they don't subscribe to the notion that they're effective enough to create vaccine-induced herd immunity. What, they're not allowed to talk about that?




Where did this idea of there being a dangerous movement underfoot come from, you wonder?

Let's look at what else happened five years ago: Kathleen Sebelius, secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, admitted in an interview that HHS "reached out to the media to get them to stop giving equal weight in their reporting" of the views of parents of vaccine injured children.


Wow. Did you hear that? One of the highest-ranking officials in the US Health Department admitted feeling threatened by moms and dads who tell the story of what vaccines did to their children. But worse than that, she admitted to gagging the media from speaking about it, which turned the tides and created the non-existent "anti-vaccination movement" out of thin air. In September of 2007 Jenny McCarthy went on to talk about vaccines and her son's autism. Two years later the media was gagged by the US Health Department and Jenny was made into a villain.


Despite what the media says, there is nothing new or trendy about being an exemptor, and it certainly doesn't have any roots in Malibu or Beverly Hills. Laws granting freedom from vaccination are celebrating their 117th birthday this year so instead of picturing a sexy actress like Alicia Silverstone when you think about exemptors, picture Queen Victoria (born in 1819), who, despite being the first member of the Royal Family vaccinated for smallpox, was the reigning Monarch during the birth of Conscientious Objection.


Even in the 1800s there were people who proclaimed the smallpox vaccine to be dangerous after seeing their family and friends become disabled or die after inoculation. Then they witnessed vaccinated neighbors come down with smallpox years later, so they weren't convinced of the vaccine's effectiveness, either. Some things never change, huh?


In 1853 vaccination for smallpox became mandatory, with fines for non-compliance and imprisonment for non-payment of the fines. This led to massive demonstrations by the working class, celebrities, and parliament members. In 1885, with over 3,000 prosecutions pending in one county alone, a demonstration of 20,000 people led to what eventually became the exemption of Conscientious Objection of 1898.


The 1898 Vaccination Act removed penalties for not vaccinating and allowed parents who did not believe that vaccination was safe or effective to obtain an exemption for their infant children. But there was a catch - in order to obtain the exemption they had to satisfy the requirements of two magistrates before the child was 4 months old. Unsurprisingly, many magistrates refused to perform their duties under the law and the intention behind granting liberty from vaccination floundered.


The exemptors pushed harder and the British government responded by passing the 1907 Vaccination Act. With that, a parent could exempt their child by mailing a written declaration to the local Vaccination Officer that stated their belief that vaccination would harm their child's health. In 1908 a whopping 17% of the British population filed for Conscientious Objector status. It was the advent of the modern Philosophical Exemption, born of oppressive government intervention and community meddling in parenting rights.


, my friends, was an "anti-vaccination movement."


So no, in 2015 there is no "anti-vaccination movement," but keep it up. Keep hurling insults in the media, keep schmoozing with local law makers. Keep going after infant children to receive vaccines that you yourself haven't had in decades. Keep on talking about this "anti-vaccination movement" and exemptors are going to give you something to talk about, mark my words. Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.


Chomsky: We Are All – Fill in the Blank.

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170-million-year old 'fish lizard' fossil found in Scotland's Isle of Skye


© Todd Marshall

An artist's rendering of the new ichthyosaur species discovered in Scotland.



A prehistoric marine-reptile fossil found in Scotland's Isle of Skye represents a new species that lived about 170 million years ago, a new study finds.

The specimen was a member of a group of extinct marine reptiles called ichthyosaurs. Researchers say the creature helps to fill in a gap in the fossil record during the Middle Jurassic period, which lasted from about 176 million to 161 million years ago.


"It's one of a select few specimens of that age in the world," said Stephen Brusatte, a paleontologist at the University of Edinburgh and co-author of the study, published today (Jan. 12) in the . Not only that, but "this is the first time we have something distinctly Scottish," Brusatte added.


Ichthyosaurs were predatory reptiles that ruled the oceans during the time of the dinosaurs, before large sharks and whales came on the scene. The first ichthyosaurs ever discovered were found in England, and some of the same kinds of rocks where fossils of these animals were found exist in Scotland, Brusatte told Live Science. Researchers suspected the fossils were there, and bits and pieces had been found, but no ichthyosaur fossils were reported in Scotland until now.


The specimens in the study were found by an amateur fossil collector named Brian Shawcross. Instead of taking the specimen home, Shawcross donated it to a museum, Brusatte said. The new species - - is named after him, as well as a Gaelic word for "marine lizard" ().


Brusatte and his colleagues found that the fossils contained the arm bone and vertebrae of a new ichthyosaur genus and species. The marine creature was likely about 14 feet (4.3 meters) long, or about the size of a motorboat, Brusatte said.


"It's not the most beautiful specimen in the world," he said. "If it was found somewhere [besides Scotland], people might not have looked at it very closely."


Sometime during the Middle Jurassic, ichthyosaurs experienced a major global turnover. Smaller ichthyosaurs gave way to larger, more advanced ones, and nobody knows why. The smaller ones went extinct, whereas the larger reptiles dominated the seas until the creatures went extinct by about 95 million years ago, in the early stages of the Late Cretaceous period.


The new species was a smaller ichthyosaur, but it helps flesh out the fossil record during the Middle Jurassic, Brusatte said.


In addition to , the researchers found teeth that could be from the ichthyosaur species , which was found to be widespread in the limestone rocks on the southern coast of England.


Brusatte thinks more ichthyosaur fossils exist in Scottish museums and private collections, and he hopes to find them. "Amateur collectors are so important in this story," he said. "We need to work with them."


Chomsky: We Are All – Fill in the Blank.

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Do viruses lurking in our genes make us smarter? Not really


© Mehmet Pinarci



"Our Viral Inheritance May Make Us Smarter" cries the headline of a news story reporting on a new research study from Lund University in Sweden. "Junk DNA' from million-year-old viruses actually plays vital role in human intelligence: study" claims another, about the same study. The headlines are provocative indeed, suggesting viral gene fragments that are embedded in our genome are linked to intelligence.

But is that what the study really claims? Not really, as it turns out.


Before we go into the study, let me cover a little bit of the background. Mammals and viruses share a long and storied complex genetic history together. As viruses infected mammals again and again over millions of years, they transferred many thousands of viral gene fragments into the genome. Research stemming from the human genome project showed that there are at least 100,000 known viral fragments that are part of the human genome which makes up more than 8 percent of our genetic material. While these sequences were initially thought to be non-functional remnants of infection, we now know that many viral genes and proteins have evolved to become part of normal cellular functions and even serve to regulate the expression of other genes.


The most common of these fragments are known as endogenous retroviruses because they are very similar to a class of viruses known as retroviruses. Retroviruses themselves derive their name because of their ability to RNA back into DNA inside a host cell, reversing the traditional transcription process of converting DNA to RNA and then protein. The reverse transcribed DNA is then integrated into the host genome with the help of a specific viral enzyme known as an integrase and while this helps the virus replicate in the host cell.


The Lund University study sheds light on how some endogenous retroviruses may play a key role in brain function. The research group led by biologist Johan Jakobsson looked at the role of a protein called TRIM28 which had been previously shown by other groups to hold back the expression of endogenous retroviral elements. In a previous study, the same group found that when the TRIM28 gene was deleted in neurons of mice, they showed behavioral changes, particularly a vulnerability to stress. So in this study, Prof Jakobsson and his team wondered whether deleting TRIM28 might have a role to play in how neurons function by affecting expression of endogenous retroviruses.


To test this, the researchers took neuronal progenitor cells (stem-like cells that are on their way to becoming neurons) from mice that had the TRIM28 gene deleted and cultured them in the laboratory. They found that deleting TRIM28 in neuronal progenitor cells led to an increased expression of endogenous retroviruses which then altered the expression of nearby genes on the mouse genome.


The is is an exciting finding showing that there might be a mechanism of genetic regulation in the brain that we do not yet know about, one that is controlled by endogenous retroviruses. However, nowhere in the TRIM28 study do the researchers claim that TRIM28, endogenous retroviruses and intelligence are somehow connected. And appropriately so, considering that the study was conducted only on cultured cells and will need a lot more work to relate the finding to an effect on intelligence.


So where did the erroneous claims in the news come from? From the press release as it turns out, which had the headline - "Do viruses make us smarter?" Even though the body of the press release itself makes no reference to intelligence, the provocative headline is catching the eyes of reporters. Unfortunately, it is also having the consequence of spreading an idea that has no scientific backing.


Media coverage of this study is reminiscent of reports that appeared late last year about a virus that was linked to decline in cognitive performance in humans. While the stupidity virus' as it was dubbed made a splash, the reports were misleading and the results were inconclusive at best as Faye Flam wrote in



Purdue University virologist David Sanders said he would need to see this replicated before he'd believe the claim. One possible problem is the possibility that samples from the patients might have been contaminated with the algae virus.


He also raised questions about the peer review behind the paper. The journal, PNAS, allows authors to choose their own reviewers in some cases. "Something is wrong here...I don't know how the experiments happened," he said. "This is a whole bunch of random data stitched together with little real basis for making any conclusions."


It's provocative, and perhaps worth a follow up study, but unlikely to have implications for human stupidity.



She also points out that the hype generated had no legitimate source,

What's misleading here is the story never reveals who is being quoted saying "makes us more stupid." The implication is that it's the scientists or someone in authority. But there's no such phrase in the paper or the press release from Johns Hopkins University, nor does the story seem to include an interview.


I couldn't find the word "stupid" in any form, and the only time I could find the word "intelligence" was when the researchers admitted that infected and uninfected scored the same on a test called the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.



Interestingly, most of the media reports about the TRIM28 study do not refer to intelligence or smartness anywhere else apart from the headline, suggesting that they are following the lead of the press release. This is not uncommon as a recent study of misinformation in health news reporting found out.

All this is not to say that the study does not have importance. In fact it opens up a lot more of the genome to study as Jakobbson points out in the press release



"We have been able to observe that these viruses are activated specifically in the brain cells and have an important regulatory role. We believe that the role of retroviruses can contribute to explaining why brain cells in particular are so dynamic and multifaceted in their function."


"I believe that this can lead to new, exciting studies on the diseases of the brain. Currently, when we look for genetic factors linked to various diseases, we usually look for the genes we are familiar with, which make up a mere two per cent of the genome. Now we are opening up the possibility of looking at a much larger part of the genetic material which was previously considered unimportant."



But for now, while we are beginning to figure out the role that viruses (or their remnants) may play in human brain function, we are nowhere close to knowing whether they make us smarter or dumber.

Chomsky: We Are All – Fill in the Blank.

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Turkish president accuses 'the West' of being behind Charlie Hebdo attacks and deliberately 'blaming Muslims'


© Getty images

Blame game: Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan suggested French security forces were behind the Paris attacks as they 'track' former prisoners and the culprits in the Charlie Hebdo shootings had served time.



The President of Turkey has suggested French security forces are to blame for the deadly terrorist attacks in Paris last week, since the culprits had recently served prison sentences.

Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan accused the West of 'playing games with the Islamic world', warning fellow Muslims to be 'aware'.


Erdogan said Muslims are 'paying the price' for the attacks on satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo and a Jewish kosher supermarket in Paris last week.


'French citizens carry out such a massacre, and Muslims pay the price,' Erdogan said yesterday.


'That's very meaningful ... Doesn't their intelligence organisation track those who leave prison?


'Games are being played with the Islamic world, we need to be aware of this.


'The West's hypocrisy is obvious. As Muslims, we've never taken part in terrorist massacres. Behind these lie racism, hate speech and Islamophobia,' Erdogan added.


Erdogan also denounced Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for attending a solidarity rally in France on Sunday with other world leaders after the Paris attacks.


'How can a man who has killed 2,500 people in Gaza with state terrorism wave his hand in Paris, like people are waiting in excitement for him to do so? How dare he go there?' he said.


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© Getty images

Erdogan made the comments at a meeting with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas in Ankara on Monday.



Erdogan did not attend the Sunday march, though Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu participated.

Erdogan is not the only senior Turkish politician publicly voicing conspiracy theories over the Paris attacks.


The Mayor of Ankara, Melih Gokcek, said he was convinced the Israeli intelligence service Mossad was behind the attacks, linking them to France's recent move towards recognising Palestine as an independent state.


'Mossad is definitely behind such incidents... it is boosting enmity towards Islam.' Mr Gokcek said, according to .


In Russia, several pro-Kremlin commentators blamed the United States and the CIA for the attack, the newspaper reported.


One, Alexei Martynov, director of the International Institute for New States, said 'I am sure that some American supervisors are responsible for the terror attacks in Paris, or in any case the Islamists who carried them out.'


Chomsky: We Are All – Fill in the Blank.

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Flooding in Mozambique and Malawi claims at least 40 lives


© Unknown

Flooded roads in Mozambique (file photo)





Flooding has claimed at least 40 lives in Mozambique and neighboring Malawi, where a state of emergency has been declared over almost a third of the country.

A group of 25 school children was swept away by torrents in Mozambique on Monday, and 18 others have been reported missing in the country, whose large eastern swathes have been swamped.


In the town of Mocuba in central Zambezia Province, where the Licungo River overflowed its banks, 15,000 people have lost their homes. The flooding of the river has been described as the worst since 1971.


The authorities have decreed maximum alert in the north and center of the country, warning that the rains would continue.


Malawi officials said at least 19 people died in the southeast African country, and nearly 3,900 homes had to be abandoned. Much of the country's center and western border region is under water.


The region is likely to face at least two more days of torrential rain carried by late summer storms, according to meteorologists.


Chomsky: We Are All – Fill in the Blank.

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Cops nonchalantly hose celebrating Ohio State fans with pepper spray for no reason

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Ohio State football fans on Monday celebrated the university's championship game win by going berserk in the streets of Columbus. The local police, in turn, responded by indiscriminately blasting the crowd with pepper spray and tear gas, as this video from show.

Chomsky: We Are All – Fill in the Blank.

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World Bank report: Low oil prices create 'window of opportunity' for China and India


© David McNew/Getty Images/AFP



Oil importing countries like China, India, Brazil, Turkey, Indonesia and South Africa will be the big winners as oil prices continue to weaken in 2015, the World Bank says in a report.

Battered oil prices "creates a window of opportunity for oil importing countries, such as China and India; we expect India's growth to rise to 7 percent by 2016. What is critical is for nations to use this window to usher in fiscal and structural reforms, which can boost long-run growth and inclusive development," Kaushik Basu, one of the main authors of the report, and the World Bank Chief Economist, writes in the report published Tuesday.


Emerging markets can use sagging energy prices to their advantage to build up financial reserves. Inflation, or the price of goods, is likely to remain low, delaying wealthy countries from raising interest rates, which bumps up the cost of borrowing.


"In Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa and Turkey, the fall in oil prices will help lower inflation and reduce current account deficits, a major source of vulnerability for many of these countries," the report says.




The World Bank publishes its Global Economic Prospects twice a year, once in June and again in January. Overall, global economic growth is slated to increase by 3 percent, up from June's 2.6 percent.

Growth in Europe and Central Asia will remain sluggish, exacerbated by the Ukraine crisis.




Europe and Central Asia was already expected to have slowed to less than 2.4 percent, according to the last forecast given by the Washington-based institution.

"Recession in Russia holds back growth in the Commonwealth of Independent States whereas a gradual recovery in the euro area should lift growth in Central and Eastern Europe and Turkey," the report says.




Sustained low oil prices will hurt economic activity in major exporting countries, such as Russia, which will likely see its economy decline by 2.9 percent in 2015, the World Bank says.

In neighboring Ukraine, GDP will fall by 2.3 percent in 2015, a major revision from the Bank's minus 1 percent estimate in its previous report. Kiev is weighed down by external debt and a high budget deficit.


"Risks to the global economy are considerable. Countries with relatively more credible policy frameworks and reform-oriented governments will be in a better position to navigate the challenges of 2015," concluded Franziska Ohnsorge, lead author of the report.


The Hryvnia, Ukraine's national currency, lost 85 percent against the US dollar in 2014, making it the worst performing worldwide, with Russia second as the ruble lost 46 percent.


"Ukraine's economy is facing high levels of uncertainty. In the baseline scenario, which assumes no further escalation, we expect a slowdown in 2015 and the recovery in the 2016 and 2017 years," the report said.


Chomsky: We Are All – Fill in the Blank.

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