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Saturday, 28 February 2015

Astronomers discover extremely elusive 'intermediate-mass' black hole

galaxy NGC 2276

© X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO/M.Mezcua et al & NASA/CXC/INAF/A.Wolter et al; Optical: NASA/STScI and DSS; Inset: Radio: EVN/VLBI

This is a composite image of the galaxy NGC 2276, with X-rays from Chandra (pink) and optical data (red, green, and blue). The inset zooms into just NGC 2276-3c, an intermediate-mass black hole and reveals its emission in radio waves, including a jet produced by the black hole that appears to be snuffing out star formation.



Astronomers have detected a black hole embedded in the spiral arm of a galaxy 100 million light-years from Earth — but this isn't any old black hole, it belongs to an extremely elusive class that may be the 'missing link' in black hole evolution.

Using observational data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the European Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network, which detects radio waves from energetic sources in the cosmos, the researchers, led by Mar Mezcua of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, were able to also deduce that this particular 'intermediate-mass black hole' (IMBH) is creating a 'dead zone' inside its host galaxy, NGC 2276.


"In paleontology, the discovery of certain fossils can help scientists fill in the evolutionary gaps between different dinosaurs," said Mezcua. "We do the same thing in astronomy, but we often have to 'dig' up our discoveries in galaxies that are millions of light years away."


Black holes are known to come in two main classes: stellar-mass black holes, which are spawned by supernovae and are around 5-30 times the mass of the sun, and supermassive black holes, which occupy the cores of most galaxies and have solar masses of millions to . But to understand how black holes grow, there must be some black holes that have masses between the stellar and the supermassive. After all, logic dictates that if all black holes start small and grow over time, there must be some intermediate mass black holes out there with girths that range between a few hundred to a few hundred thousand solar masses.


"Astronomers have been looking very hard for these medium-sized black holes," said co-author Tim Roberts, of the University of Durham. UK. "There have been hints that they exist, but the IMBHs have been acting like a long-lost relative that isn't interested in being found."


So when astronomers detect hints of an intermediate black hole, they pounce, and it seems that the energetic object in the spiral arm of NGC 2276 is one of these elusive mid-mass monsters.


"We found that NGC 2276-3c has traits similar to both stellar-mass black holes and supermassive black holes" said co-author Andrei Lobanov of the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany. "In other words, this object helps tie the whole black hole family together."


But this bright object, known as NGC-2276-3c, has a dark side.


chandra observation, galaxy NGC 2276

© NASA/CXC/SAO/M.Mezcua et al & NASA/CXC/INAF/A.Wolter et al

The Chandra X-ray Observatory observation of the galaxy NGC 2276.



Blasting up to 2,000 light-years from the black hole, a powerful radio jet penetrates through the galaxy's interstellar medium. Within this jet, up to 1,000 light-years from the black hole, there is a dramatic paucity of young stars; the jet appears to have cleared a cavity near the black hole, removing star-forming gases, snuffing out star birth.

The researchers are now trying to understand how the IMBH got there in the first place. It seems highly probable that NGC-2276-3c formed in the core of a smaller dwarf galaxy that, hundreds of millions or billions of years ago, merged with NGC 2276. In other regions of the galaxy, there appears to be a surge of star birth, which supports the idea that another galaxy may have been cannibalized.


It's studies like this that not only expose an apparently rare class of black hole, they also pose an interesting question. Is our conventional thinking about the growth of black holes correct? All known galaxies seem to have supermassive black holes in their cores, but how did they get so big? Recent research revealed a black hole of gargantuan proportions in the early universe — how did it get so big so fast? Do supermassive black holes undergo a sudden 'growth spurt' between 'stellar' and 'supermassive'? This would certainly explain why we're not spotting many intermediate-mass black holes — perhaps they simply don't stay that size for very long.


In the case of NGC-2276-3c, however, we know one thing, don't expect to be living in the neighborhood of that black hole, it's a galactic dead zone.


Rats are pretty remarkable - recognize kindness, repay favors

rat

© RIA Novosti / Yakov Andreev



Humans have long used the behavior of rats to personify the worst qualities in their fellow man. When it comes to acts of kindness, however, it turns out the much maligned creature is willing to repay favors to its fellow rodents.

The study, published this week in the journal , was set up to observe an ever elusive concept in the animal kingdom - the principle of direct reciprocity.


According to Michael Taborsky, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Bern in Switzerland who helped carry out the experiment, the practice is in fact so rare that this is the first time it has ever been scientifically observed in non-humans.


Along with his Swiss colleague Vassilissa Dolivo, the team brought together 20 female wild-type Norwegian rats. During the experiment, the team used pieces of banana as attractive awards, and pieces of carrots as less attractive rewards.


rat experiment

© royalsocietypublishing.org



The rats were able to deliver one of these morsels to another rat in an enclosure by pulling a stick. After some time, the rat on the receiving end would begin to differentiate between the quality of its helper based on the type of food it received.

The rats then switched places, with the once-confined rodents pulling sticks to deliver cereal flakes to their previous helpers.


The results: the rats which had doled out bananas got cereal more quickly and more often than those which had given out carrots.


When asked if the rats were really returning the favor, Taborsky told that it seemed likely, given how they had made the simple association between reward and repayment.


"Two elements are involved: recognizing an individual, and responding to the quality of service," Taborsky said.


Pointing to previous research which demonstrates the ability of rats to recognize each other and their ability to differentiate between better spots to chow down, the idea that the rodents reward each other in order to guarantee such mutually beneficial exchanges in the future "might not be as complex as we think," he added.


David Paulides in fascinating lecture: Bigfoot DNA research and missing people

[embedded content]




Biography

Dave Paulides received his undergraduate and graduate degrees from the University of San Francisco, and, has a professional background that includes twenty years in law enforcement (Three and one half years at Fremont Police and sixteen and a half years at San Jose Police) and senior executive positions in the technology sector. In 2004 he formed North America Bigfoot Search-NABS (http://bit.ly/1AormhN) where his investigative and analytical experience were invaluable in researching Bigfoot/Sasquatch sightings, encounters and behavior. He spent two years living among the Hoopa tribal members, listening to and recording their Bigfoot stories. The Hoopa Project is his first book, based upon his experiences in the Bluff Creek area of Northern California. David's second book, Tribal Bigfoot is a quantum step forward in Bigfoot research and allows for a common sense understanding of this elusive biped. These two books have been called the new standard for crypto research.


NABS was also the group that started the Bigfoot DNA project which was instrumental in the identification of bigfoot/sasquatch as its own species.


On March 1, 2012 David released his third book, ., the story of people who have disappeared in the wilds of North America. Many of the parents and relatives of the missing make claims that the victim was kidnapped/abducted, in very remote areas, this is well documented. This 3+ year 7000 hour investigation into unexplained disappearances in isolated locations is a book that anyone who walks in the woods should read. The real question that this book elicits is.... What is happening to these people?


In late March 2012 David's fourth book was released, . The eastern version is a continuation of stories which occurred in the eastern half of the United States with special sections on unusual outdoor activities which seem to be related to disappearances and a master list of all people who have vanished.


In June 2012 Mr. Paulides was an invited speaker at the 2012 National Association of Search and Rescue (NASAR) annual conference in South Lake Tahoe. The presentation was on the findings of the Can Am Project that were detailed in . The packed room at the Harvey's Convention Center heard Mr. Paulides give a detailed overview of the twenty eight clusters of missing people and the associated elements found within the clusters.


Since the release of the series, Mr. Paulides has been a guest on countless radio shows, morning television and prime time news casts. The 411 series has been vetted by some of the best Search and Rescue professionals, investigative journalists, radio and television hosts and print journalists from north America.


- 2008

- 2009

- 2012

2012

, 2013

**Go to www.canammissing.com for details on missing person cases and to purchase any of the "Missing 411" books.


David Paulides in fascinating lecture: Bigfoot DNA research

[embedded content]




Biography

Dave Paulides received his undergraduate and graduate degrees from the University of San Francisco, and, has a professional background that includes twenty years in law enforcement (Three and one half years at Fremont Police and sixteen and a half years at San Jose Police) and senior executive positions in the technology sector. In 2004 he formed North America Bigfoot Search-NABS (http://bit.ly/1AormhN) where his investigative and analytical experience were invaluable in researching Bigfoot/Sasquatch sightings, encounters and behavior. He spent two years living among the Hoopa tribal members, listening to and recording their Bigfoot stories. The Hoopa Project is his first book, based upon his experiences in the Bluff Creek area of Northern California. David's second book, Tribal Bigfoot is a quantum step forward in Bigfoot research and allows for a common sense understanding of this elusive biped. These two books have been called the new standard for crypto research.


NABS was also the group that started the Bigfoot DNA project which was instrumental in the identification of bigfoot/sasquatch as its own species.


On March 1, 2012 David released his third book, "Missing 411-Western U.S.", the story of people who have disappeared in the wilds of North America. Many of the parents and relatives of the missing make claims that the victim was kidnapped/abducted, in very remote areas, this is well documented. This 3+ year 7000 hour investigation into unexplained disappearances in isolated locations is a book that anyone who walks in the woods should read. The real question that this book elicits is.... What is happening to these people?


In late March 2012 David's fourth book was released, "Missing 411-Eastern U.S." The eastern version is a continuation of stories which occurred in the eastern half of the United States with special sections on unusual outdoor activities which seem to be related to disappearances and a master list of all people who have vanished.


In June 2012 Mr. Paulides was an invited speaker at the 2012 National Association of Search and Rescue (NASAR) annual conference in South Lake Tahoe. The presentation was on the findings of the Can Am Project that were detailed in "Missing 411." The packed room at the Harvey's Convention Center heard Mr. Paulides give a detailed overview of the twenty eight clusters of missing people and the associated elements found within the clusters.


Since the release of the "Missing 411" series, Mr. Paulides has been a guest on countless radio shows, morning television and prime time news casts. The 411 series has been vetted by some of the best Search and Rescue professionals, investigative journalists, radio and television hosts and print journalists from north America.


The Hoopa Project- 2008

Tribal Bigfoot- 2009

Missing 411-Western U.S.- 2012

Missing 411-Eastern U.S. 2012

Missing 411- North America and Beyond, 2013

**Go to www.canammissing.com for details on missing person cases and to purchase any of the "Missing 411" books.


Netanyahu's Congress speech scuttles bipartisan unity on support for Israel

Netanyahu

© www.telegraph.co.uk

"One of the most obnoxious individuals you're going to come into...just a liar and a cheat. He could open his mouth and you could have no confidence that anything that came out of it was the truth." -Former Clinton WH Spokesman Joe Lockhart



A set piece of the annual gathering of one of the most powerful political lobbies in Washington is the "roll call" of support in Congress for the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (Aipac). Members of Congress are invited to stand one by one to be acknowledged for their support for Israel, or for Aipac's hawkish brand of it. It typically takes half an hour as the names of around two-thirds of representatives and senators are called. It is intended to demonstrate that on one issue at least, the Jewish state, there are no partisan differences. It is also a reminder of the lock Aipac has long had on Congress with a menacing suggestion of the political risks of going against the lobby group.

But as Aipac's convention opens, the carefully forged image of Democrats and Republicans at one on Israel has been battered by the furious reaction to Israeli prime minister Binyamin Netanyahu's planned address to Congress on Tuesday, when he is expected to accuse Barack Obama of endangering the very existence of the Jewish state in negotiations with Iran over its nuclear programme.


Nearly 30 members have said they will not attend Netanyahu's speech in protest at the extraordinary spectacle of Republicans inviting a foreign leader to Washington to denounce the president. They have described Netanyahu's decision to speak as "sabotage" and "extremely dangerous".


The dispute has also divided some of America's most prominent Jewish organisations, with accusations flying of betrayal. But through it all Aipac has been all but silent as it struggles with the implications of the breach in the bipartisan wall as members of Congress with strong records of support for Israel challenge Netanyahu.


Some Democrats accuse Netanyahu and the Republican speaker of the House of Representatives, John Boehner, of using the speech to help the Israeli prime minister to bolster support ahead of this month's general election, while the Republicans try to discredit Obama by undermining the president's prerogatives on foreign policy.


Congressman Steve Cohen described the planned speech as "political theatre" that has "caused a breach between Democrats in Congress and Israel as well as the administrations of the United States and Israel".




"While Americans and members of Congress may disagree on anything, even foreign policy, providing a forum of such immense prestige and power to the leader of another country who is opposing our nation's foreign policy is beyond the pale," he said.

It was a theme echoed by the president's national security adviser, Susan Rice, on Wednesday as she warned that the speech is "destructive of the fabric of the relationship" between the US and Israel.


Few think the bedrock US support for Israel's security, particularly military assistance, will be eroded. But Jeremy Ben-Ami of the liberal Washington lobby group J Street - which argues that the pro-Israel position would be to press Netanyahu to reach a negotiated settlement with the Palestinians - said the criticism in Congress is evidence of "a real disagreement about what is the best way forward to protect American interests, to protect Israeli interests".


He said that increasingly among politicians and the American Jewish community the interests of Israel and the policies of Netanyahu are no longer regarded as one and the same.


Ben-Ami said that has opened the way for criticism from politicians who would once have remained silent. "All of these folks who say they don't want to go to the speech or they're upset about the speech, they're friends of Israel. They hate not being able to say what they really think. You should be able to be a friend of Israel and say what you think," he said.


"The silence at Aipac, the silence of some of the other groups, is testament to the fact that it's going to be very difficult for them to maintain their traditional postures going forward given the arguments over policy."


Aaron David Miller, who served six US secretaries of state as an adviser on Arab-Israeli negotiations, said the dispute creates problems for Aipac. "If you're trying to build bipartisan support for Israel and you have an issue driving a wedge between Republicans and Democrats on Israel, then it complicates things," he said. Aipac did not respond to requests for an interview.


The Israeli newspaper reported that the speaker of the Knesset, Yuli Edelstein, was "stunned by the depth of the anger he found" over Netanyahu's planned speech on a visit to the US Congress in February. said Edelstein "met with Democratic congressmen who are sworn friends of Israel, but now feel betrayed by Israel's prime minister".


Critics include Senator Dick Durbin, a vocal supporter of Aipac who has addressed its annual conference and sponsored sanctions legislation against Iran.


Congresswoman Jan Schakowsky called the speech a "dangerous mistake." "As a Jew, support for Israel is in my DNA," she said. "I feel particularly anguished that the ill-advised invitation from Republican house speaker John Boehner has managed to threaten, in my view, both the security of Israel and the historic bipartisan support in the Congress."




An Oregon congressman, Earl Blumenauer, accused Boehner and Netanyahu of conspiring to block a potential deal with Iran, saying it is "inappropriate" and "extremely dangerous."

The speech has also divided influential Jewish organisations that have previously stood solidly behind Netanyahu over issues from settlement expansion to the wars with Hamas in Gaza. Abe Foxman, director of the Anti-Defamation League, a vigorous defender of Israel, called the speech "ill-advised." "This looks like a political challenge to the White House and/or a campaign effort in Israel," he told the Jewish Telegraph Agency (JTA).


Morton Klein, director of the Zionist Organisation of America (ZOA), hit back by accusing Foxman of endangering Israel when it is under threat from a "terrorist regime" in Tehran. "How dare ADL's Abe Foxman harm the US, Israel and the world's efforts to fight these monstrous dangers by insulting the prime minister of the Jewish state and the US Congress by demanding Speaker Boehner rescind this important invitation," he told the JTA.




The ZOA - along with other groups, such as the Republican Jewish Coalition, which are supported by a hawkish billionaire supporter of Netanyahu, Sheldon Adelson - called the boycott "anti-American, anti-patriotic".

"We will, of course, be publicly condemning any Democrats who don't show up for the speech—unless they have a doctor's note," he told .


SOTT FOCUS: The insolvability of the US-Russia stand-off: The psychopath's problem with Russian facts




What passes for 'objective information' in the Western media



In case you haven't noticed, a war has been raging all around you for the past 12 months. Not a 'hot' war, but a massive propaganda war of the kind that usually precedes such military action.

The US' full-spectrum disinformation offensive against Russia began in earnest back in 2006 with the death by polonium poisoning of anti-Putin campaigner Alexander Litvinenko. Despite the fact that, before Litvinenko, the only murderers with previous form for death-by-polonium were those responsible for the murder of Yasser Arafat, the Western media immediately and persistently pointed to Putin as the culprit in Litvinenko's murder.


Earlier this year a UK government inquiry into his death began and the same allegations, based on the "everyone knows Putin's a thug" school of a priori, evidence-bereft, legal argumentation were made. One small piece of information revealed by the inquiry that completely undermined the claim that Putin had anything to do with the death of Litvinenko was, however, studiously ignored by the Western media.


According to the British government's story, the arch 'anti-Putin crusader' was dispatched by two FSB agents who administered the radioactive poison to him by offering him the rest of the pot of tea (about half a cup) they had ordered in a London hotel. The problem with this claim is that Litvinenko himself spontaneously arranged the meeting with the two men just a few hours before he met them. So to believe that the two agents killed their former compatriot, we have to assume that they somehow suspected that Litvinenko was going to ask them for a meet-up and had been carrying around a stash of Polonium for just such an occasion. In addition, one of the agents introduced his 8 year old son to Litvinenko, even telling him to shake his hand, after Litvinenko had drunk some of the supposedly radioactive tea. Litvinenko's wife, Marina, told the inquiry that at the time of his death Litvinenko was working for MI6.


Putin's somewhat famous speech at the 2007 Munich Security Conference is presented as the moment when Russia publicly and unilaterally 'broke' with the West. But Putin's comments in Munich were made on the back of several years of US and British government covert and overt attempts to destabilize the Russian government and force it to accept the reality that the anglo-American empire rules supreme. Rather than bow to this pressure, Putin chose to administer a dose of truth and reality to the warmongers:



"The history of humanity certainly has gone through unipolar periods and seen aspirations to world supremacy. And what hasn't happened in world history? What is a unipolar world? However one might embellish this term, at the end of the day it refers to one type of situation, namely one centre of authority, one centre of force, one centre of decision-making.


It is a world in which there is one master, one sovereign. And at the end of the day this is pernicious, not only for all those within this system, but also for the sovereign itself because it destroys itself from within.


And this certainly has nothing in common with democracy. Because, as you know, democracy is the power of the majority in light of the interests and opinions of the minority.


Incidentally, Russia - we - are constantly being taught about democracy. But for some reason those who teach us do not want to learn themselves. Today we are witnessing an almost uncontained hyper use of force - military force - in international relations, force that is plunging the world into an abyss of permanent conflicts. We are seeing a greater and greater disdain for the basic principles of international law. And independent legal norms are, as a matter of fact, coming increasingly closer to one state's legal system. One state and, of course, first and foremost the United States, has overstepped its national borders in every way. This is visible in the economic, political, cultural and educational policies it imposes on other nations. Well, who likes this? Who is happy about this?"



Since that speech, Russia has been on a collision course with the USA and its subservient ideologues in the EU. While Russia made concrete efforts to redress the imbalance in the unipolar world by establishing multi-lateral economic, political and social links with non-empire-aligned countries (BRICS), the USA and EU continued their demonisation and destabilization campaign against the Russian government. Along with the concerted anti-Putin media campaign, tactics have included the funding and training of 'opposition' groups within Russia, an attempt to frame Russia for the shooting down of a civilian airliner, economic and political sanctions, speculative currency attacks, manipulating energy markets to Russia's (and most everyone else's) detriment, and of course organising the violent overthrow of the Ukrainian government to impose a gaggle of pusillanimous quislings who could be relied on to launch a war against the ethnic Russians of Eastern Ukraine, all in an effort to bait Russia into a war with Ukraine, and potentially Europe.

All of these maneuvers (and others) have been for the purpose of instigating 'regime change' in Russia to prevent the emergence of a new, more equitable world order led, in large part, by Russia. The anglo-American empire rules supreme today because its agents have spent the last 100 years (more in the case of the UK) infiltrating, manipulating, subverting, and blackmailing other governments. They have also repeatedly waged war on the people of other nations and consistently plundered their resources. Built on this edifice, the anglo-American empire cannot continue to rule supreme without continuing to appropriate the wealth (human and natural) of other nations. It is not hard to see how Putin's moves towards the creation of a more equitable global economic order so perplexes the agents of empire, and drives them to take increasingly extreme measures to thwart Russian intentions.

When writing or speaking on the Ukraine crisis, most geopolitical pundits in the alternative media, (including leading lights like William Polk, who worked at the US State Dept. under JFK, and former Asst. Sec. of the Treasury under Reagan, Paul Craig Roberts) spell out the rather basic causes of - and propose solutions to - the current impasse: that US/NATO interfering in Ukraine is viewed, understandably, by Russia as a direct attack on its interests; that the US would never accept similar treatment by Russia (like Russia sponsoring a coup in Mexico and the installation of anti-US Mexican government); and that the US/NATO should accept this and back down or run the risk of embroiling the planet in nuclear war. The aforementioned William Polk recently wrote:



"We must recognize that the Ukraine is not part of our sphere of influence or dominance. It is neither in the Western Hemisphere nor in the North Atlantic. On the Black Sea, the concept of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an oxymoron. The Black Sea area is part of what the Russians call 'the near abroad'. [...]


The danger, of course, is that , for domestic political reasons - and particularly because of the urging of the neoconservatives and other hawks - we may not accept this geostrategic fact. Then, conflict, with all the horror that could mean, would become virtually inevitable."



Polk hints at what I have already explained above - that the preservation of US global hegemony requires that US 'hawks' ignore facts. The "domestic political reasons" refer to the need for the US to continue doing what it is doing. For one thing, current US energy consumption levels require that it seek oil abroad. And that's just one factor. Imperial war and plunder are the glue that holds the US economy together, an economy that is extremely unbalanced between rich and poor, and between debt and credit. Any sane analyst can see that the United States is in dire need of radical restructuring and sound governance.

But there is more to this problem than mere cognitive dissonance on the part of US policy-makers. Psychopaths make up an estimated 2-6% of the global population, although they are not spread equally across the world.


In a paper titled 'The Sociobiology of Sociopathy: An Integrated Evolutionary Model ', Linda Mealey of the Department of Psychology at the College of St. Benedict in St. Joseph, Minnesota, addressed the increase in psychopathy in American culture by suggesting that in a competitive society - one in which capitalism dominates, for example - psychopathy is adaptive and likely to increase. She writes:



I have thus far argued that some individuals seem to have a genotype that disposes them to [psychopathy].


[Psychopaths] always appear in every culture, no matter what the socio-cultural conditions [...]


Competition increases the use of antisocial and Machiavellian strategies and can counteract pro-social behavior.


Some cultures encourage competitiveness more than others and these differences in social values vary both temporally and cross-culturally [...] Across both dimensions, high levels of competitiveness are associated with high crime rates and Machiavellianism.


High population density, an indirect form of competition, is also associated with reduced pro-social behavior and increased anti-social behavior.




The conclusion is that the 'American way of life' has optimized the survival of psychopaths with the consequence that it is an adaptive "life strategy" that is extremely successful in American society, and thus has increased in the population in strictly genetic terms. What is more, as a consequence of a society that is adaptive for psychopathy, many individuals who are not genetic psychopaths have similarly adapted, becoming "effective" psychopaths, or "secondary sociopaths."

It's not that capitalism is psychopathic per se; rather, when the ingredients that go into successful capitalism - entrepreneurship, innovation, hard work, long-term vision, and 'that pioneering spirit' - become corrupted and diverted towards satiating (though never succeeding) pure greed, you know that psychopathy has taken hold. The specific term used by Andrej Lobacewski in Political Ponerology to describe this process was 'ponerization'. Just as people and animals can be infected with parasites that take over their minds and cause them to behave in utterly self-destructive ways, so too are 'isms' (ideologies) and organizations (up to and including national governments) morphed over time and used to mask psychopathic activity. [Lobacewski, by the way, was a Polish psychologist and part of a clandestine network of researchers studying this phenomenon in Communist Eastern Europe in the early to mid-20th century.]


Given that centers of power, influence, corruption and greed would attract psychopathic individuals of a particular 'caliber', we can presume that psychopaths are probably overrepresented in the US government (high population centers, competitiveness and anti-social behavior = job in government). Most academic studies agree that most psychopaths lack foresight, specifically the ability to imagine the consequences to themselves of their actions. They see only that which they want to see, and what they want is based on their primitive unconscious drive for domination and destruction. To the psychopath, rules and facts are annoying things that they continually strive to circumvent or deny. They are all too willing to impose rules on others, but never for a moment consider that those rules might also apply to them.



For the 'common' or 'garden variety' psychopath, this often leads to repeated arrests and stints in jail, from which they fail to learn anything, other than ways to avoid getting caught again, which also usually fail. Circumstantial evidence suggests, however, that some psychopaths - they could be called 'ambitious' - are able to understand that their inclinations are not acceptable in normal society (although they cannot understand why), that the rules are a threat to them, and that elevating themselves above 'normal' society where different rules apply (or they get to make the rules) is the best way to facilitate the free expression of their domineering and destructive impulses, without suffering any negative consequences. A position of power and influence in a monolithic and monumentally corrupt organisation like the US government is, therefore, the perfect place for a psychopath to ply his trade. But once in that position, and (rightly) convinced of his immunity to consequences, the psychopath will revert to ignoring facts and rules and, certainly, show no regard for the negative consequences of his actions for others.

And so we come back to William Polk's problem that "for domestic political reasons - and particularly because of the urging of the neoconservatives and other hawks - we may not accept [the] geostrategic fact [that] Ukraine is not part of our sphere of influence or dominance". This is true, but from the point of view of the psychopaths in the US government (and beyond) who are directing US policy towards Russia, "domestic political reasons" have little to do with their non-acceptance of the facts. For these psychopaths, at the level of their primitive drives, the problem with the facts is the facts themselves: they conflict with what they want. And as I have noted, what they want is to dominate and, when necessary to achieve that domination, to destroy. Their positions of power and influence combined with their unique ability to totally disregard facts and instead 'create their own', is the core problem facing humanity today. It's solipsism with a profoundly narcissistic slant all the way around. It's greed and control, not for some even remotely noble end, (although all manner of noble narratives and justifications are used to bamboozle the normal people of this world into going along with the psychopathic agenda), but as an end in itself.


This is the truth of the situation with which we are confronted. Yet the idea that our 'authority' figures are inhuman predators bent on global domination and control for its own sake is almost impossible for the average person to accept because it is so fundamentally inhuman, alien even. This is the reason the comfortable (yet hopelessly naive) lie that "Putin is a thug" (for example), and that the US government is attempting to secure 'freedom and democracy' for all, is accepted by the masses.


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SOTT FOCUS: Why there can be no rational solution to the stand-off between the US and Russia: The psychopath's problem with Russian facts




What passes for 'objective information' in the Western media



In case you haven't noticed, a war has been raging all around you for the past 12 months. Not a 'hot' war, but a massive propaganda war of the kind that usually precedes such military action.

The US' full-spectrum disinformation offensive against Russia began in earnest back in 2006 with the death by polonium poisoning of anti-Putin campaigner Alexander Litvinenko. Despite the fact that, before Litvinenko, the only murderers with previous form for death-by-polonium were those responsible for the murder of Yasser Arafat, the Western media immediately and persistently pointed to Putin as the culprit in Litvinenko's murder.


Earlier this year a UK government inquiry into his death began and the same allegations, based on the "everyone knows Putin's a thug" school of a priori, evidence-bereft, legal argumentation were made. One small piece of information revealed by the inquiry that completely undermined the claim that Putin had anything to do with the death of Litvinenko was, however, studiously ignored by the Western media.


According to the British government's story, the arch 'anti-Putin crusader' was dispatched by two FSB agents who administered the radioactive poison to him by offering him the rest of the pot of tea (about half a cup) they had ordered in a London hotel. The problem with this claim is that Litvinenko himself spontaneously arranged the meeting with the two men just a few hours before he met them. So to believe that the two agents killed their former compatriot, we have to assume that they somehow suspected that Litvinenko was going to ask them for a meet-up and had been carrying around a stash of Polonium for just such an occasion. In addition, one of the agents introduced his 8 year old son to Litvinenko, even telling him to shake his hand, after Litvinenko had drunk some of the supposedly radioactive tea. Litvinenko's wife, Marina, told the inquiry that at the time of his death Litvinenko was working for MI6.


Putin's somewhat famous speech at the 2007 Munich Security Conference is presented as the moment when Russia publicly and unilaterally 'broke' with the West. But Putin's comments in Munich were made on the back of several years of US and British government covert and overt attempts to destabilize the Russian government and force it to accept the reality that the anglo-American empire rules supreme. Rather than bow to this pressure, Putin chose to administer a dose of truth and reality to the warmongers:



"The history of humanity certainly has gone through unipolar periods and seen aspirations to world supremacy. And what hasn't happened in world history? What is a unipolar world? However one might embellish this term, at the end of the day it refers to one type of situation, namely one centre of authority, one centre of force, one centre of decision-making.


It is a world in which there is one master, one sovereign. And at the end of the day this is pernicious, not only for all those within this system, but also for the sovereign itself because it destroys itself from within.


And this certainly has nothing in common with democracy. Because, as you know, democracy is the power of the majority in light of the interests and opinions of the minority.


Incidentally, Russia - we - are constantly being taught about democracy. But for some reason those who teach us do not want to learn themselves. Today we are witnessing an almost uncontained hyper use of force - military force - in international relations, force that is plunging the world into an abyss of permanent conflicts. We are seeing a greater and greater disdain for the basic principles of international law. And independent legal norms are, as a matter of fact, coming increasingly closer to one state's legal system. One state and, of course, first and foremost the United States, has overstepped its national borders in every way. This is visible in the economic, political, cultural and educational policies it imposes on other nations. Well, who likes this? Who is happy about this?"



Since that speech, Russia has been on a collision course with the USA and its subservient ideologues in the EU. While Russia made concrete efforts to redress the imbalance in the unipolar world by establishing multi-lateral economic, political and social links with non-empire-aligned countries (BRICS), the USA and EU continued their demonisation and destabilization campaign against the Russian government. Along with the concerted anti-Putin media campaign, tactics have included the funding and training of 'opposition' groups within Russia, an attempt to frame Russia for the shooting down of a civilian airliner, economic and political sanctions, speculative currency attacks, manipulating energy markets to Russia's (and most everyone else's) detriment, and of course organising the violent overthrow of the Ukrainian government to impose a gaggle of pusillanimous quislings who could be relied on to launch a war against the ethnic Russians of Eastern Ukraine, all in an effort to bait Russia into a war with Ukraine, and potentially Europe.

All of these maneuvers (and others) have been for the purpose of instigating 'regime change' in Russia to prevent the emergence of a new, more equitable world order led, in large part, by Russia. The anglo-American empire rules supreme today because its agents have spent the last 100 years (more in the case of the UK) infiltrating, manipulating, subverting, and blackmailing other governments. They have also repeatedly waged war on the people of other nations and consistently plundered their resources. Built on this edifice, the anglo-American empire cannot continue to rule supreme without continuing to appropriate the wealth (human and natural) of other nations. It is not hard to see how Putin's moves towards the creation of a more equitable global economic order so perplexes the agents of empire, and drives them to take increasingly extreme measures to thwart Russian intentions.

When writing or speaking on the Ukraine crisis, most geopolitical pundits in the alternative media, (including leading lights like William Polk, who worked at the US State Dept. under JFK, and former Asst. Sec. of the Treasury under Reagan, Paul Craig Roberts) spell out the rather basic causes of - and propose solutions to - the current impasse: that US/NATO interfering in Ukraine is viewed, understandably, by Russia as a direct attack on its interests; that the US would never accept similar treatment by Russia (like Russia sponsoring a coup in Mexico and the installation of anti-US Mexican government); and that the US/NATO should accept this and back down or run the risk of embroiling the planet in nuclear war. The aforementioned William Polk recently wrote:



"We must recognize that the Ukraine is not part of our sphere of influence or dominance. It is neither in the Western Hemisphere nor in the North Atlantic. On the Black Sea, the concept of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an oxymoron. The Black Sea area is part of what the Russians call 'the near abroad'. [...]


The danger, of course, is that , for domestic political reasons - and particularly because of the urging of the neoconservatives and other hawks - we may not accept this geostrategic fact. Then, conflict, with all the horror that could mean, would become virtually inevitable."



Polk hints at what I have already explained above - that the preservation of US global hegemony requires that US 'hawks' ignore facts. The "domestic political reasons" refer to the need for the US to continue doing what it is doing. For one thing, current US energy consumption levels require that it seek oil abroad. And that's just one factor. Imperial war and plunder are the glue that holds the US economy together, an economy that is extremely unbalanced between rich and poor, and between debt and credit. Any sane analyst can see that the United States is in dire need of radical restructuring and sound governance.

But there is more to this problem than mere cognitive dissonance on the part of US policy-makers. Psychopaths make up an estimated 2-6% of the global population, although they are not spread equally across the world.


In a paper titled 'The Sociobiology of Sociopathy: An Integrated Evolutionary Model ', Linda Mealey of the Department of Psychology at the College of St. Benedict in St. Joseph, Minnesota, addressed the increase in psychopathy in American culture by suggesting that in a competitive society - one in which capitalism dominates, for example - psychopathy is adaptive and likely to increase. She writes:



I have thus far argued that some individuals seem to have a genotype that disposes them to [psychopathy].


[Psychopaths] always appear in every culture, no matter what the socio-cultural conditions [...]


Competition increases the use of antisocial and Machiavellian strategies and can counteract pro-social behavior.


Some cultures encourage competitiveness more than others and these differences in social values vary both temporally and cross-culturally [...] Across both dimensions, high levels of competitiveness are associated with high crime rates and Machiavellianism.


High population density, an indirect form of competition, is also associated with reduced pro-social behavior and increased anti-social behavior.




The conclusion is that the 'American way of life' has optimized the survival of psychopaths with the consequence that it is an adaptive "life strategy" that is extremely successful in American society, and thus has increased in the population in strictly genetic terms. What is more, as a consequence of a society that is adaptive for psychopathy, many individuals who are not genetic psychopaths have similarly adapted, becoming "effective" psychopaths, or "secondary sociopaths."

It's not that capitalism is psychopathic per se; rather, when the ingredients that go into successful capitalism - entrepreneurship, innovation, hard work, long-term vision, and 'that pioneering spirit' - become corrupted and diverted towards satiating (though never succeeding) pure greed, you know that psychopathy has taken hold. The specific term used by Andrej Lobacewski in Political Ponerology to describe this process was 'ponerization'. Just as people and animals can be infected with parasites that take over their minds and cause them to behave in utterly self-destructive ways, so too are 'isms' (ideologies) and organizations (up to and including national governments) morphed over time and used to mask psychopathic activity. [Lobacewski, by the way, was a Polish psychologist and part of a clandestine network of researchers studying this phenomenon in Communist Eastern Europe in the early to mid-20th century.]


Given that centers of power, influence, corruption and greed would attract psychopathic individuals of a particular 'caliber', we can presume that psychopaths are probably overrepresented in the US government (high population centers, competitiveness and anti-social behavior = job in government). Most academic studies agree that most psychopaths lack foresight, specifically the ability to imagine the consequences to themselves of their actions. They see only that which they want to see, and what they want is based on their primitive unconscious drive for domination and destruction. To the psychopath, rules and facts are annoying things that they continually strive to circumvent or deny. They are all too willing to impose rules on others, but never for a moment consider that those rules might also apply to them.



For the 'common' or 'garden variety' psychopath, this often leads to repeated arrests and stints in jail, from which they fail to learn anything, other than ways to avoid getting caught again, which also usually fail. Circumstantial evidence suggests, however, that some psychopaths - they could be called 'ambitious' - are able to understand that their inclinations are not acceptable in normal society (although they cannot understand why), that the rules are a threat to them, and that elevating themselves above 'normal' society where different rules apply (or they get to make the rules) is the best way to facilitate the free expression of their domineering and destructive impulses, without suffering any negative consequences. A position of power and influence in a monolithic and monumentally corrupt organisation like the US government is, therefore, the perfect place for a psychopath to ply his trade. But once in that position, and (rightly) convinced of his immunity to consequences, the psychopath will revert to ignoring facts and rules and, certainly, show no regard for the negative consequences of his actions for others.

And so we come back to William Polk's problem that "for domestic political reasons - and particularly because of the urging of the neoconservatives and other hawks - we may not accept [the] geostrategic fact [that] Ukraine is not part of our sphere of influence or dominance". This is true, but from the point of view of the psychopaths in the US government (and beyond) who are directing US policy towards Russia, "domestic political reasons" have little to do with their non-acceptance of the facts. For these psychopaths, at the level of their primitive drives, the problem with the facts is the facts themselves: they conflict with what they want. And as I have noted, what they want is to dominate and, when necessary to achieve that domination, to destroy. Their positions of power and influence combined with their unique ability to totally disregard facts and instead 'create their own', is the core problem facing humanity today. It's solipsism with a profoundly narcissistic slant all the way around. It's greed and control, not for some even remotely noble end, (although all manner of noble narratives and justifications are used to bamboozle the normal people of this world into going along with the psychopathic agenda), but as an end in itself.


This is the truth of the situation with which we are confronted. Yet the idea that our 'authority' figures are inhuman predators bent on global domination and control for its own sake is almost impossible for the average person to accept because it is so fundamentally inhuman, alien even. This is the reason the comfortable (yet hopelessly naive) lie that "Putin is a thug" (for example), and that the US government is attempting to secure 'freedom and democracy' for all, is accepted by the masses.


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